Application of Sam?nya–Vi?e?a Siddh?nta in Pa??u Chikits?: A Literary Review

Abstract

Background: Sam?nya–Vi?e?a Siddh?nta, propounded by ?ch?rya Charaka, is regarded as the foundation of Ayurvedic therapeutics. It states that similarity leads to increase (Sam?nya) and dissimilarity leads to decrease (Vi?e?a). Pa??u roga, a disease described in all major Ayurvedic classics, is characterized by pallor, weakness, and dh?tu-k?aya, arising chiefly from Rakta dh?tu depletion and Pitta prakopa. Modern parallels can be drawn with various forms of anemia. Objective: To analyze the role of Sam?nya–Vi?e?a Siddh?nta in Pa??u roga chikits? as presented in classical texts, and to explore its relevance in contemporary medical understanding. Methods: Classical Ayurvedic texts including the Brihattrayi and Laghutrayi, along with authoritative commentaries, were reviewed to extract references on Pa??u roga and its chikits?. Modern hematological literature was studied for comparative insights into anemia. Results: Pa??u roga chikits? reflects a dual application of Sam?nya–Vi?e?a Siddh?nta. Sam?nya principle is applied through Rakta-vardhaka, brimhana, and ras?yana dravyas such as Lauha kalpas, Drak??, Dadima, Dugdha, and Amalaki. Vi?e?a principle is applied through pitta-pacifying and k?aya-niv?ra?a dravyas like Guduchi, Musta, and Shatavari. Avoidance of nid?na sevana forms a practical extension of Vi?e?a. Modern equivalents include iron supplementation (Sam?nya) and anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory strategies (Vi?e?a). Conclusion: The management of Pa??u roga is a rational application of Sam?nya–Vi?e?a Siddh?nta. This philosophical foundation validates classical treatment strategies and demonstrates their continued relevance in addressing modern challenges like iron-deficiency anemia.